PRESENT SIMPLE - DO/DOES, I SING/HE PLAYS etc 

                                                                 I play cricket every day.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

• It is called simple present or present simple because the basic form consists of a single verb like write/writes, sing/sings, take/takes is used in this tense. 

• Base verb like sing, run buy etc. is used with the pronouns I, we, you and they.                     Eg: I sing, we sing, you sing, they sing

• Base verb with "s/es"  (sings, runs, brings, watches, goes etc.) is  used with the third person singulars he,she and it . Eg: he sins, she sings, it sings. To know more about personal pronouns you can see my post onhttp://indenglishmadeeasy.blogspot.in/2016/07/personal-pronouns-english-grammar.html. 

• The verbs end in  o ss sh ch x and z take "es" with the third person singulars "he/she/it. Eg. go - goes, bless - blesses, crush - crushes, catch - catches, fix- fixes, buzz - buzzes etc.

• If the verb ends with a consonant + y (study, worry etc.), the he, she it form of the verb will be studies, worries etc. It means we drop "y" and take in "ies". 

• In case of the verb ending with a vowel + "y" (say, play etc), "s" is added to the verb Eg: says, plays etc.

The principal use of this present simple tense is used to speak about our habitual actions, universal truths,  running commentaries on live matches and to the headlines in news papers.

Now we take a look at the structure of the tense.

• I play cricket.
• We speak English
• You read Hindi news.
• They sing devotional songs.

• He writes answers in quora.
• She reads telugu literature.
• It eats small creatures.

Here are the eight forms to the each sentence mentioned above with the seven pronouns.

• I play cricket.
• I do not play cricket.
• Do I play cricket?
• Do I not play cricket?
• I play cricket, don't I?
• I do not play cricket, do I?
•  Cricket is played by me.
• Cricket is not played by me.

• We speak English.
• .............................................
• Do we speak English?
• .............................................
• We speak English, don't we?
• .............................................
• English is spoken by us.
• .............................................

• .............................................
• You do not read Hindi news.
• .............................................
• Do you not read Hindi news?
• .............................................
• You do not read Hindi news, do you?
• .............................................
• Hindi news is not read by toy.

• They sing devotional songs.
• .............................................
• .............................................
• .............................................
• .............................................
• .............................................
• .............................................
• .............................................

• He writes answers in quora.
• He does not write answers in quora.
• Does he write answers in quora?
• Does he not write answers in quora?
• He writes answers in quora, does he?
• He does not write answers in quora, does he?
• Answers are written by him in quora.
• Answers are not written by him in quora.

• She reads Telugu literature.
• .............................................
• Does she read......................?
• .............................................?
• .............................................
• .............................................
• Telugu literature read by her.
• .............................................

• It eats an ant.
• .............................................
• .............................................
• .............................................
• .............................................
• .............................................
• .............................................
• .............................................

Note: 1) The difference between positive statement and negative statement is usage of  "DO NOT" with I, we, you, they and "DOES NOT" with he, she, and it

                   Use DO with plain verbs - go sing run take etc.

                   Use DOES with plain verb + s/es -  goes sings runs takes etc.

                2) The difference between statements and questions is the placement of 

                    the 'subject' and helping verb.

                            I paint a picture. 

                            Do I paint a picture?.

                            He paints a picture.

                            Does he paint a picture. 
                3) a) The formation of question tag begins from the verb used in the sentence.Use DO with plain                                 verbs and DOES with plain verb + s/es 

                             I paint a picture, don't I?

                             He paints a picture, doesn't he?

            
                    b) The tag ends with the subject of the sentence.  I  paint a picture, don't I?

                     c) Negative tag to the positive statement. Positive tag to the negative statement.

                         He practices the guitar, (positive)  doesn't he? ( tag negative) does + not =doesn't.
                         He does not practice the guitar. (negative) does he? (tag positive)

                                       
                                            PRESENT SIMPLE - DO/DOES, I SING/HE PLAYS etc 

                                                                 I play cricket every day.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

• It is called simple present or present simple because the basic form consists of a single verb like write/writes, sing/sings, take/takes is used in this tense. 

• Base verb like sing, run buy etc. is used with the pronouns I, we, you and they.                     Eg: I sing, we sing, you sing, they sing

• Base verb with "s/es"  (sings, runs, brings, watches, goes etc.) is  used with the third person singulars he,she and it . Eg: he sins, she sings, it sings. To know more about personal pronouns you can see my post onhttp://indenglishmadeeasy.blogspot.in/2016/07/personal-pronouns-english-grammar.html. 

• The verbs end in  o ss sh ch x and z take "es" with the third person singulars "he/she/it. Eg. go - goes, bless - blesses, crush - crushes, catch - catches, fix- fixes, buzz - buzzes etc.

• If the verb ends with a consonant + y (study, worry etc.), the he, she it form of the verb will be studies, worries etc. It means we drop "y" and take in "ies". 

• In case of the verb ending with a vowel + "y" (say, play etc), "s" is added to the verb Eg: says, plays etc.

The principal use of this present simple tense is used to speak about our habitual actions, universal truths,  running commentaries on live matches and to the headlines in news papers.

Now we take a look at the structure of the tense.

• I play cricket.
• We speak English
• You read Hindi news.
• They sing devotional songs.

• He writes answers in quora.
• She reads telugu literature.
• It eats small creatures.

Here are the eight forms to the each sentence mentioned above with the seven pronouns.

• I play cricket.
• I do not play cricket.
• Do I play cricket?
• Do I not play cricket?
• I play cricket, don't I?
• I do not play cricket, do I?
•  Cricket is played by me.
• Cricket is not played by me.

• We speak English.
• .............................................
• Do we speak English?
• .............................................
• We speak English, don't we?
• .............................................
• English is spoken by us.
• .............................................

• .............................................
• You do not read Hindi news.
• .............................................
• Do you not read Hindi news?
• .............................................
• You do not read Hindi news, do you?
• .............................................
• Hindi news is not read by toy.

• They sing devotional songs.
• .............................................
• .............................................
• .............................................
• .............................................
• .............................................
• .............................................
• .............................................

• He writes answers in quora.
• He does not write answers in quora.
• Does he write answers in quora?
• Does he not write answers in quora?
• He writes answers in quora, does he?
• He does not write answers in quora, does he?
• Answers are written by him in quora.
• Answers are not written by him in quora.

• She reads Telugu literature.
• .............................................
• Does she read......................?
• .............................................?
• .............................................
• .............................................
• Telugu literature read by her.
• .............................................

• It eats an ant.
• .............................................
• .............................................
• .............................................
• .............................................
• .............................................
• .............................................
• .............................................

Note: 1) The difference between positive statement and negative statement is usage of  "DO NOT" with I, we, you, they and "DOES NOT" with he, she, and it

                   Use DO with plain verbs - go sing run take etc.

                   Use DOES with plain verb + s/es -  goes sings runs takes etc.

                2) The difference between statements and questions is the placement of 

                    the 'subject' and helping verb.

                            I paint a picture. 

                            Do I paint a picture?.

                            He paints a picture.

                            Does he paint a picture. 
                3) a) The formation of question tag begins from the verb used in the sentence.Use DO with plain                                 verbs and DOES with plain verb + s/es 

                             I paint a picture, don't I?

                             He paints a picture, doesn't he?

            
                    b) The tag ends with the subject of the sentence.  I  paint a picture, don't I?

                     c) Negative tag to the positive statement. Positive tag to the negative statement.

                         He practices the guitar, (positive)  doesn't he? ( tag negative) does + not =doesn't.
                         He does not practice the guitar. (negative) does he? (tag positive)
           

                                  

                                                                PERSONAL PRONOUNS

                                       Subject Case            Possessive Case             Objective Case

(1st person singular)

                                              I                                  my                                    me

(1st person plural)
                                            We                               our                                     us

( 2nd person singular
&plural)
                                           You                               your                                     you

(3rd person singular)
                                           He                                 his                                       him

(3rd person singular)
                                          She                                her                                        her

3rd person singualr)
                                           It                                     its                                          it

(3rd person plural)
                                         They                                their                                     them

Now we see the three cases of all the personal pronouns with examples.

• I am an Indian. "I" in this sentence is in subjective case.

• This is my bag. "my" in this sentence is in possessive case.

• They offered me a new job. "me" in this sentence is in objective case.

• We are the foot ball players. "We" -subjective.

• Alcohol is not prohibited in our state. "our" - possessive.

• Lalitha invited us for dinner today. "us" - objective.

• You are no longer a miner because you are eighteen by now. "you" - subjective

• What is your email address? "your" - possessive

• I want you to to finish this work by next week. "you" - objective.

• He has a car besides two bikes. "he" - subjective.

• Where is his house? "his" - possessive.

• Call him immediately. "him" - objective.

• She wants to join a new college? "she" - subjective.

• I think it is her camcorder. "her" - possessive.

• Will you meet her this evening? "her" - objective.

• It is my pet dog, Tom "it" - subjective.

• The bird is hurt and its wings are broken."its" - possessive.

• I want it to buy right now. "it" - objective.

• They have a big bungalow in the outskirts. "they" -subjective.

• They don't want to leave their work now. "their' - possessive

• Can you pass this news to them tomorrow? "them" - objective.

EXERCISE

1. This is ___ new post on this blog. (I/my/me)
2. My colleague and ___ went to a film last night. (I/my/me)
3. Would you kindly inform ____ a little earlier. (I/my/me)
4. Please find ____ this new venture here. (we/our/us)
5. ____ couldn't finish the work in time. (we/our/us)
6. Please pay a visit to _____ home next Sunday.(we/our/us)
7. Can ____ kindly show me the way? (you/your/you)
8. I hope ____ mother can understand me. (you/your/you)
9. Harish will advise ____ on this matter. (you/your/you)
10. It is ___ opinion on the debate. (he/his/him)
11. Catch ____, he is running away.(he/his/him)
12. Sonu has studied Political Science. ____ want to succeed in civil services exam.(he/his/him)
13. This is _____ last chance to win the race.(he/his/him)
14. _____ is the first person to cast the vote in the PS.(she/her/her)
15. I think you meet _____ now. (he/his/him)
16. Saritha is her real name. But ___ nick name is Sathi.(he/his/him)
17. Keep ___ aside and get up for dinner. (it/its/it)
18. The tree in the backyard has grown tall but ____ branches are very small.(it/its/it)
19. Buy that small book. ____ is small but very informative.(it/its/it)
20. ____ are going to participate in the national level games. (they/their/them)
21. ____ objective is social service. (they/their/them)
22. I am in no hurry to call _____ up. (they/their/them)

KEY : 1) my 2) I 3) me 4) us 5) We 6) our 7) you 8) your 9) you 10) his 11) him 12) He 13) She 14) him 15) her 16) it 17) its 18) It 19) They 20) Their 21) them

                 

                                                        Am/Is/Are - Be Form Verbs

"am" is used with the pronoun "I"

"is" is used with "he", "she", "it"

"are" is used with "we", "you", "they"

Eg: 

• I am a writer.

• He is a computer engineer.
• She is a professor.
• It is an artificial flower.

• We are sportsmen.
• You are an organizer of events.
• They are media personnel.

• Now look at the six forms of each sentence.

I am a writer. (positive statement)
I am not a writer. (negative statement)

Am I a writer? (positive question)
Am I not a Writer? (negative question)

I am a writer, aren't I? (negative tag question)
I am not a writer, am I? (positive tag question)

He is a computer engineer
He is not a computer engineer.
Is he a computer engineer?
Is he not a computer engineer?
He is a computer engineer, isn't he?
He is not a computer engineer, is he?

She is a professor.
She is not a professor.
Is she a professor?
Is she not a professor?
She is a professor, isn't she?
She is not a professor, is she?

It is an artificial flower.
It is not an artificial flower.
Is it an artificial flower?
Is it not an artificial flower?
It is an artificial flower, isn't she?
It is not an artificial flower, is she?

We are sportsmen.
We are not sportsmen.
Are we sportsmen?
Are we not sportsmen?
We are sportsmen, aren't we?
We are not sportsmen, are we?

You are an organizer of events.
You are not an organizer of events.
Are you an organizer of events?
Are you not an organizer of events?
You are an organizer of events, aren't you?
You are not an organizer of events, are you?

They are the media personnel.
They are not the media personnel.
Are they the media personnel?
Are they not the media personnel?
They are the media personnel, aren't they?
They are not the media personnel, are they?

Note: 1) The difference between positive statement and negative statement is usage of "not".
I am a writer. (positive) I am NOT a writer. (negative)

2) The difference between statements and questions is change of their placement of the 'subject' and 'be' form verb. I am a writer. Am I a writer.

3) a)The formation of question tag begins from the verb 
used in the sentence. He is an engineer, isn't he? 

One exception is that I am a doctor, aren't I? 

But I am not a doctor, am I? is right.

b)The tag ends with the subject of the sentence. I am a 
doctor, aren't I?

c) Negative tag to the positive statement. Positive tag to 
the negative statement.
He is an engineer, (positive) isn't he? ( tag negative) 
is + not =isn't.
He is not an engineer, (negative) is he? (tag positive)

EXERCISE

Complete the sentences with (am/is/are)

I ____ an artist.
____ I a student?
He ____ a spectator.
They are business men, ____n't they?
You ____ not a criminal.
We are not from Europe, _____ we?
_____ you a singer?
I am a dentist, ____ n't I?
He is a player from Asia, _____ n't he?
She ____ a vocalist.

KEY

1) am 2) Am 3) is 4) are 5) are 6) are 7) Are 8) are 9) is 10) is

                                  PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE - (am/is/are + plain verb +  ing)

The structure:

I am watching news on TV.            (sub + am + plain verb + ing)
                                                     (  I  + am +   watch    +  ing)
  
                                                       


He is polishing his shoes.    (sub + is + plain verb + ing)
                                          (He + is +     polish    + ing)

                                                         


You are reading news paper. (sub + are + plain verb + ing)
                                          (You + are +    read      + ing)

                                                                

 This is called present progress tense because the action is going on at the time of speaking.

Now we look at the sentences in eight forms:

• I am painting a picture.                      (positive statement)
• I am not painting a picture.                (negative statement)
• Am I painting a picture.                     (positive question)
• Am I not painting a picture.               (negative question)
• I am painting a picture, aren't I?         (negative question tag)
• I am not painting a picture, am I?       (positive question tag)
• A picture is being painted by me.       (passive voice positive)    
• A picture is not being painted by me.  (passive voice negative.)

• He is practicing the guitar.
• He is not practicing the guitar.
• Is he practicing the guitar?
• Is he not practicing the guitar?
• He is practicing the guitar, isn't he?
• He is not practicing the guitar, is he?
• The guitar is being practiced by him.
• The guitar is not being practiced by him.

          Note : We can frame the sentences similarly with the pronouns" he, she and it".

          Eg:      She is making a cake.

                      It is kicking the ball. (It perhaps a cat or any animal.)

• We are playing a game.
• We are not playing a game.
• Are we playing a game?
• Are we not playing a game?
• We are playing a game, aren't we?
• We are not playing a game, are we?
• A game is being played by us.
• A game is not being played by us.

      Note: Sentences are similar with the pronouns "we, you and they".

      Eg:    You are driving a car.

               They are watering the plants.

     

      Note: 1) The difference between positive statement and negative statement is usage of "not".

                    I am painting a picture. (positive)  

                    I am NOT painting a picture. (negative)

                2) The difference between statements and questions is change of their placement of 

                    the 'subject' and 'be' form verb.

                     I am painting a picture. 

                     Am I painting a picture?.

                3) a) The formation of question tag begins from the verb used in the sentence.

                        He is practicing the guitar, isn't he? 

                        One exception is that I am painting a picture, aren't I? 

                        But I am not painting a picture,am I? is right as per the rule like other

                        be form/helping verbs.
            
                    b) The tag ends with the subject of the sentence.  I am painting a picture, aren't I?

                     c) Negative tag to the positive statement. Positive tag to the negative statement.
                         He is practicing the guitar, (positive)    isn't he? ( tag negative) is + not =isn't.
                         He is not practicing the guitar. (negative)  is he? (tag positive)
           

         Now we take a look at the formation of questions with the "wh" questioning words.

        "Wh" questions are what, where, when why, who and how. 

         They are called the informative questions because the answers to these questions have                                    information. 

           When some asks a question, What is your aim? the other has to give the answer 

           which has some information, where as the above mentioned questions are like 

           "is he practicing the guitar?"are called the yes or no questions and the questions

            like "We are playing the game, aren't we? are called the tag questions. 

          What are you writing?                                 I am writing a novel.

          Where is your brother going to?                  He is going to a grocery shop.

          How is your cousin studying?                     She is studying well.

          When are your parents coming ?                 They are coming next week.

          Who is teaching you French?                      I am learning through many websites.